Chromophores are light-sensitive molecules found in the body that are capable of absorbing specific wavelengths of light. When photons of light interact with chromophores, they become excited, leading to various biological responses. Hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) are examples of molecules in the body that are capable of absorbing light in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum.

These molecules have specific structures that allow them to absorb light energy efficiently. When exposed to NIR light, these chromophores undergo a series of photochemical reactions that can influence cellular processes. For example, NIR light absorption by hemoglobin and myoglobin can enhance oxygen delivery to tissues and improve cellular respiration. On the other hand, COX, as a key enzyme in the electron transport chain, can utilize absorbed light energy to boost cellular energy production.

Understanding how these chromophores interact with light in the NIR spectrum is crucial for harnessing the benefits of light therapy for various health and wellness applications.